Constrictive pericarditis causes symptoms and care

Constrictive pericarditis occurs when the pericardium becomes thickened and stiff, limiting heart function. Explore symptoms, causes, and treatment options here.

What are the main causes of constrictive pericarditis?

• Recurrent pericardial inflammation from infections or autoimmune diseases gradually leads to scarring and thickening, restricting the heart’s natural filling capacity.
• Prior heart surgery, chest radiation, or injury can damage the pericardium, causing stiff tissue that reduces the heart’s ability to expand properly.
• Tuberculosis and other chronic infections remain significant causes in developing countries, leading to long-term pericardial fibrosis and impaired heart function.

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Key symptoms of constrictive pericarditis to watch for

• Persistent swelling in the abdomen and legs develops from fluid buildup due to restricted cardiac filling and reduced blood circulation efficiency.
• Shortness of breath and fatigue occur because the stiff pericardium prevents the heart from pumping adequate blood during physical activities or exertion.
• Jugular vein distension and rapid heartbeat may appear, signaling elevated venous pressure and impaired heart chamber relaxation from constriction.

How can you prevent constrictive pericarditis effectively?

• Prompt treatment of pericardial infections and autoimmune conditions reduces the risk of long-term scarring that can progress into constrictive pericarditis.
• Regular medical follow-up after chest radiation or cardiac surgery helps detect early changes in the pericardium before severe complications develop.
• Adopting heart-healthy habits, including balanced nutrition, exercise, and avoiding infections, strengthens immunity and lowers overall cardiac disease risks.

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Images visual examples of constrictive pericarditis

These visual examples highlight reduced elasticity, impaired blood flow, and the structural changes responsible for restrictive symptoms.

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Constrictive pericarditis requires timely diagnosis and treatment for better outcomes. Understanding symptoms and care options helps improve patient survival.